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Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with a poor survival rate. Despite hundreds of clinical trials, there is no effective targeted therapy. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are an important GBM model system. In culture, these cells form spatial structures that share morphological aspects with their source tumors. We collected 17,000 phase-contrast images of 15 patient-derived GSC lines growing to confluence. We find that GSCs grow in characteristic multicellular patterns depending on...

Arctic ecosystems face significant threats from chemicals of global concern. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been consistently detected in the Arctic through decades of monitoring. POPs are known to bioaccumulate in food webs, and both POPs and PAHs are toxic posing risks to wildlife and human health. While regular monitoring activities have been implemented in most Arctic countries, information from the Russian Arctic is still limited. This...

CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the largest and most comprehensive cohort of patients with DPLGG to date. While histopathology and tumor location were associated with hydrocephalus in this cohort, the dissemination pattern was not directly associated with hydrocephalus incidence but rather the timing of hydrocephalus diagnosis. Hydrocephalus does not impact survival in patients with DPLGG; however, it is associated with worse functional outcomes.

Recent advances in protein structure prediction have created high-confidence candidate structures for every protein-coding gene in a genome. Concomitantly, many software packages have been created to visualize protein multiple sequence alignments (MSAs), protein structures, and protein annotations. However, few software tools can highlight the direct relationship between nucleotide variation of protein-coding genes in genome space and the evolutionary and structural context of that variation in...

The third Critical Assessment of Computational Hit-finding Experiments (CACHE) challenged computational teams to identify chemically novel ligands targeting the macrodomain 1 of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3, a promising coronavirus drug target. Twenty-three groups deployed diverse design strategies to collectively select 1739 ligand candidates. While over 85% of the designed molecules were chemically novel, the best experimentally confirmed hits were structurally similar to previously published compounds....

CONCLUSION: Students with and without anatomy backgrounds contributed to ODFs using a similar level of engagement but different social participatory roles. This work highlights the importance of supporting different peer-learning roles in anatomy ODFs.

Centralizing valuable community data and resources into a user-friendly interface and accessible repository has become essential for agricultural science; embracing Findable Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles is now standard for effective databases. SorghumBase (https://www.sorghumbase.org) is a knowledgebase designed for the sorghum research community. The SorghumBase team curates genomic, transcriptomic, variation, and phenotypic information and aggregates community...

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Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, exhibits significant biological complexity that demands deeper exploration. Here, we present a large multiomics dataset integrating data from 384 primary medulloblastoma patient samples across five omic layers: CpG methylome, transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and metabolome, paired with associated clinical metadata. Data integration revealed intertumoral heterogeneity of lipid metabolism across proteomic subtypes....

CONCLUSIONS: Protected cardiac surgery reframes success in high-risk cardiac surgery by focusing on recovery rather than survival alone. It integrates physiology-guided support with structured planning and system-level readiness to improve outcomes in vulnerable surgical populations.

CONCLUSION: Pooled results suggest that, although there may be elevated prevalence of adult cardiovascular risk conditions, high heterogeneity indicates caution when considering rare deletion syndromes collectively. The paucity of data extending into later adulthood and using age-matched control comparisons supports the need for prospective studies of large, well-phenotyped cohorts to inform adult penetrance of treatable medical diseases in this emerging group of young adults.

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CONCLUSIONS: Overall, partially hydrolyzed cow's milk protein infant formula with an added prebiotic was safe, well-tolerated, and associated with adequate growth for healthy term infants receiving formula through one year of age.

We evaluated whether having early COVID-19 reduced the severity of subsequent Omicron infection, assessing activities of daily living (ADL), healthcare utilization and illness duration. Comparisons were made between persons with (1) early COVID-19-compatible illness with a negative test, (2) early lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 14-26 months and (3) early lab-confirmed SAR-CoV-2 > 26 months before Omicron infection. Among 261 patients with laboratory-confirmed Omicron, 177 (68%) had COVID-19 in 2020, a...

Attentional flexibility is a foundational component of human cognition and develops substantially throughout childhood. Although the neural activity supporting attentional flexibility has been well-characterised in adults, its developmental trajectory during childhood and adolescence remains poorly understood. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study brain network dynamics underlying attentional set-shifting. MEG data were collected from 63 participants aged 4 - 19 years, including 30...

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the most economically important crops in the world, but every year, pathogens cause billions of dollars' worth of losses worldwide. The domestication of this critical crop was associated with several severe genetic bottlenecks that resulted in a dramatic loss of genetic diversity (∼50%) relative to its wild progenitor. Although domestication selected for favorable agricultural traits, it is unclear how the reduced genetic diversity affected the immunity...

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CONCLUSIONS: Our results elucidate the role of SES and its negative consequences in altering reward processing and antidepressant treatment efficacy in MDD, corroborating previous literature suggesting that SES significantly impacts health outcomes. Better characterizing the relationship between SES and MDD psychopathology may inform future treatment approaches and intervention development.

For thousands of years, humans have domesticated animals and cultivated crops by managing reproduction and selecting for desirable traits. In contrast, microbial domestication has often occurred unintentionally, and the variation of life cycle as well as its impact on genome evolution remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically examined life cycle variation across a diverse panel of 771 diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from both wild and domesticated lineages. We identified...

Reactome is the most comprehensive, open source, open access biological pathway knowledgebase, widely used in the research community. To ensure the highest quality of its content, human pathway data in Reactome is manually curated. However, manual curation is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and increasingly difficult to keep up with the ever-growing biomedical literature. Large language model (LLM)-driven artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are transforming many fields, including...