Publications

Diffusion-weighted MRI is critical for diagnosing and managing ischemic stroke, but variability in images and disease presentation limits the generalizability of AI algorithms. We present DeepISLES, a robust ensemble algorithm developed from top submissions to the 2022 Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation challenge we organized. By combining the strengths of best-performing methods from leading research groups, DeepISLES achieves superior accuracy in detecting and segmenting ischemic lesions,...

CONCLUSIONS: CVD risk in females with OA is underestimated by the FRS, an algorithm often used in clinical settings. While increased systemic inflammation, a potential intervention target, contributes to the OA-CVD link in females, there remains still unexplained increased CVD risk in OA.

Biological invasions by non-native fish species pose a major threat to global freshwater ecosystems. However, our understanding of why invaders establish in some communities but not others (i.e., occurrence probability) and why some communities harbor more invaders than others (i.e., invasion richness) remains limited. Here, we combine species- and community-level analyses across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions to investigate both the occurrence probability and invasion...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This phase 3 randomized clinical trial demonstrated that BD with mupirocin nasal ointment effectively reduced severe AROM, improved quality of life by alleviating oral pain and swallowing difficulties, and significantly reduced both nasal and oral S aureus colonization during radiotherapy. This approach offers a cost-effective strategy for AROM management, and although further studies are required to validate the findings, these results highlight the potential of...

During small mammal faunal surveys conducted in the Xizang Autonomous Region, China, in 2003, 2023, and 2024, we collected two previously unidentifiable taxa of pikas (Ochotona). Phylogenetic analyses based on both mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences resolved these specimens as distinct lineages within the O. macrotis and O. forresti species groups, both in the subgenus Conothoa. Morphological comparisons further supported their uniqueness. Consequently, we described them here as two new...

CONCLUSIONS: Together, our findings support a model in which H2A.Z chromatin dynamics are modulated by SWR1- and INO80-complexes that are differentially recruited to chromatin via distinct bromodomain proteins that recognize specific histone acetylation marks.

No abstract

The potential of deep learning to predict renal obstruction using kidney ultrasound images has been demonstrated. However, these image-based classifiers have incorporated information using only single-visit ultrasounds. Here, we developed machine learning (ML) models incorporating ultrasounds from multiple clinic visits for hydronephrosis to generate a hydronephrosis severity index score to discriminate patients into high versus low risk for needing pyeloplasty and compare these against models...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cross-sectional study of 309 adults with depression, 4 latent profiles were identified. Default mode network hypoconnectivity defined profile 4, supporting its role as a key neural indicator of antidepressant response. CM was associated with both the highest and lowest remission rates, indicating it does not uniformly project negative outcomes and suggesting that neurobiological resilience in the context of childhood trauma may have contributed to more...

For decades, the precise prediction of the phase distribution, deposition, and precipitation scavenging processes of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the atmosphere has continued to pose a significant challenge. In this study, we develop a novel steady-state theory to describe the atmospheric partitioning between gas and precipitation for SVOCs, improving upon the traditional equilibrium theory. We delve into the applications of this steady-state theory in predicting SVOCs' phase...

No abstract

CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that adult height and BMI can be influenced by the effects of genome-wide common variants in the presence of a rare variant conferring elevated a priori risk. Height-PRS may help refine growth expectations in individuals with 22q11.2 microdeletion.

CONCLUSION: Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and psychosis appear to have different immunologic characteristics than patients who carry the deletion but do not have psychosis. Autoantibody levels were overall significantly higher in patients with psychosis. This finding may define a high risk group within the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome population.

INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global public health concern, particularly acute in rural China. Counties, which cover extensive rural regions, face major challenges in AMR governance and thus require priority attention. Yet, AMR governance efforts across sectors are fragmented, with notable gaps in translating policy objectives into sustainable, practical governance measures. This programme will entail a series of studies focusing on county-level cross-sectoral...

Radiomics offers a non-invasive approach to tumor characterization, yet its application in metastatic cancers is limited by intertumor heterogeneity-variability in radiomic phenotypes across lesions within the same patient. We introduce Measured Intrapatient Radiomic Variability (MIRV), a novel metric quantifying heterogeneity using standard-of-care imaging. Applied to 397 metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma patients from the SARC021 trial, MIRV was calculated from pretreatment CT scans using...

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital condition characterized by the improper migration of enteric neural crest cells, leading to aganglionosis most commonly in the rectosigmoid colon. This severe and life-threatening disorder often results in the development of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), which can occur either before or after surgical resection of the affected bowel segment. Using colonic tissue from patients with HSCR alongside the well-established endothelin receptor...

CONCLUSION: These data provide in vivo evidence that anti-TNF, but not anti-IL-12/23, therapy impairs the quantity and quality of antigen-specific GC outputs in humans.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is emerging as a major concern in the field of infectious diseases. Current treatments are limited, highlighting the need for new therapeutic options. The use of computational methods, such as molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, is a valuable approach in identifying potential compounds that can target specific proteins of the virus, like the DNA polymerase and profilin-like protein profilin-like protein A42R (A42R) in this case, with the aim of...

Growth-limiting droughts (GLD) impair tissue expansion and delay developmental transitions but are often not considered as stressors, as many physiological traits are only slightly altered relative to well-watered counterparts. Concurrently, cell size, biochemical makeup, and transcriptome profiles vary along the leaf blade in accordance with the partitioning of distinct functions to spatially defined regions of the leaf. This suggests that because different parts of the leaf have underlying...

CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these findings suggest that monoallelic loss of function variants in DENND2B cause a novel autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with variable vulnerability for psychosis and/or catatonia.