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CONCLUSIONS: The results support non-fasting TyG index as a practical marker of metabolic syndrome, and by extension insulin resistance, encouraging future studies evaluating non-fasting TyG index in young adults as a predictor of cardiovascular disease later in life. The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome at a young age in 22q11.2 microdeletion demonstrates the potential value of this genetic high-risk population for future prospective studies, with animal and cellular models available.

BACKGROUND: As humans age at different rates, physical appearance can yield insights into biological age and physiological health more reliably than chronological age. In medicine, however, appearance is incorporated into medical judgements in a subjective and non-standardised way. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate FaceAge, a deep learning system to estimate biological age from easily obtainable and low-cost face photographs.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Results of this case-control study suggest that individuals with high ADHD-PRS and/or low educational attainment-PRS had an associated elevated risk of CM. Extra attention should be given to individuals at high risk for CM across all 5 psychiatric diagnoses, ie, females with a high ADHD-PGS and/or a parent diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder.

Gliomas are a major cause of cancer-related deaths in adolescents and young adults (AYAs; ages 15-39 years). Different molecular alterations drive gliomas in children and adults, leading to distinct biology and clinical consequences, but the implications of pediatric- versus adult-type alterations in AYAs are unknown. Our population-based analysis of 1,456 clinically and molecularly characterized gliomas in patients aged 0-39 years addresses this gap. Pediatric-type alterations were found in 31%...

The efficacy of and disease control afforded by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) has led to increased longevity and thus continued pursuit of alternative therapies that are efficacious and maximize tolerability. The 24- and 96-week analyses from ASCEMBL demonstrated superior efficacy, safety, and tolerability of asciminib compared with bosutinib in later-line therapy, meeting primary and key secondary objectives, respectively. With nearly 4...

CONCLUSIONS: Our work adds to our cumulative understanding of brain tumor heterogeneity and helps pave the way for tailored treatment strategies.

Since its introduction in 2003, Cytoscape has been a de facto standard for visualizing and analyzing biological networks. We now introduce Cytoscape Web (https://web.cytoscape.org), an online implementation that captures the interface and key visualization functionality of the desktop while providing integration with web tools and databases. Cytoscape Web enhances accessibility, simplifying collaboration through online data sharing. It integrates with Cytoscape desktop via the CX2 network...

Expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat tract in exon 1 of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene causes Huntington's disease (HD) through the expression of a polyglutamine-expanded form of the HTT protein. This mutation triggers cellular and biochemical pathologies, leading to cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms in HD patients. Targeting HTT splicing with small molecule drugs is a compelling approach to lowering HTT protein levels to treat HD, and splice modulators are currently being tested in the...

BackgroundRelapse rates in major depressive disorder (MDD) remain high even after treatment to remission. Identifying predictors of relapse is, therefore, crucial for improving maintenance strategies and preventing future episodes. Remote data collection and sensing technologies may allow for more comprehensive and longitudinal assessment of potential predictors.MethodsThe Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression Wellness Monitoring for MDD (CBN-WELL) study was a prospective,...

CONCLUSIONS: The design of digital technologies to support T1D transition care should consider methods for standardizing holistic care delivery and integrating hybrid diabetes care visits to support access to transition care. These findings can inform future transition intervention development that leverages existing transition guidelines, targets holistic care model integration, and considers quantitative diabetes metrics in conjunction with broader life experiences of AYA when providing...

Radiomics offers a non-invasive approach to tumor characterization, yet its application in metastatic cancers is limited by intertumor heterogeneity-variability in radiomic phenotypes across lesions within the same patient. We introduce Measured Intrapatient Radiomic Variability (MIRV), a novel metric quantifying heterogeneity using standard-of-care imaging. Applied to 397 metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients from the SARC021 trial, MIRV was calculated from pretreatment CT scans using...

The TATA-box binding protein (TBP) homolog from Giardia intestinalis (gTBP) is highly divergent, lacking key phenylalanines crucial for binding and unwinding double-stranded DNA. Surprisingly, we determined that gTBP exhibits unconventional DNA binding properties and preferentially binds to single stranded DNA (ssDNA) using a DNA-binding pocket that is narrower relative to other eukaryotic TBPs. Additionally, we showed that gTBP binds in two distinct modes, which we call the A and B modes, that...

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a DNA virus, is a well-documented causative agent of several cancers, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and head & neck cancers. Major factors contributing to HPV-related cancers include persistent infection and the oncogenic potential of particular HPV genotypes. High-risk HPV strains, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, are responsible for over 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide, as well as a significant proportion of other genital and head and neck...

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans, novel variants have evolved to become dominant circulating lineages. These include D614G (B.1 lineage), Alpha (B.1.1.7), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) and BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2) viruses. Here, we compared the viral replication, pathogenesis, and transmissibility of these variants. Replication kinetics and innate immune response against the viruses were tested in ex vivo human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) and induced...

We present a single-cell reference atlas of human hematopoiesis and a computational tool for rapid mapping and classification of healthy and leukemic cells. Applied to AML, this has enabled single-cell analysis at the scale of hundreds of patient samples, revealing the full breadth of derailment of differentiation in AML. See related commentary by Berger and Penter, p. XX.

Methods for regioselective ring-opening reactions of N-sulfonyl-protected aziridyl alcohols with azole nucleophiles have been developed. Several classes of azoles, including indazole, substituted pyrazole, benzotriazole, and tetrazole, have been employed as reaction partners, giving rise to C3-selective opening and >3:1 N-selectivity. BF(3)•OEt(2) is the optimal catalyst for most substrate combinations, although examples where diphenylborinic acid (Ph(2)BOH) provides higher yields, or where the...

BACKGROUND: Decisions to split two or more phenotypic manifestations related to genetic variations within the same gene can be challenging, especially during the early stages of syndrome discovery. Genotype-based diagnostics with artificial intelligence (AI)-driven approaches using next-generation phenotyping (NGP) and DNA methylation (DNAm) can be utilized to expedite syndrome delineation within a single gene.

CONCLUSION: We developed and evaluated a new geometric metric, wDSC, as a better indicator of D2cm³ accuracy, which has the potential to become a surrogate for dosimetric accuracy in cervical brachytherapy. The model with DP loss showed non-statistically significant improvements in geometric and dosimetric performance. This work also holds the potential to be used for precise OARs delineation in adaptive radiotherapy.

Top-quark pair production is observed in lead-lead (Pb+Pb) collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider with the ATLAS detector. The data sample was recorded in 2015 and 2018, amounting to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 nb^{-1}. Events with exactly one electron and one muon and at least two jets are selected. Top-quark pair production is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 5.0 (4.1) standard deviations. The measured top-quark pair production cross section is...

CONCLUSION: These findings highlight IFN-driven imune dysregulation and potential molecular targets for precision therapies in uveitis.