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CONCLUSIONS: D1 and D2 represent distinct neurobiological mechanisms underlying MDD. The validation in a general population-based cohort and in a cohort sample with depressive symptoms delineates mechanisms underlying heterogeneity in MDD.

BackgroundApproximately one-third of adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience limited response or intolerable side effects with existing pharmacotherapies. As such, innovative treatments targeting novel biological pathways are under investigation. One promising area of research is the gut microbiome and its influence on mood through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Clinical studies have begun evaluating microbiome-targeted interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and...

CONCLUSIONS: Immunotherapy in PSC-associated BTCs appeared safe, with a potential signal of effectiveness. Given the sample size and retrospective design, these results are hypothesis-generating. Together, these results demonstrate the unique biology underlying PSC-associated BTCs, highlighting the need for prospective trials and the development of specialized treatment strategies.

The Reactome Knowledgebase (https://reactome.org) is a freely accessible, expert-curated, open-source, and open-data resource that describes human biology in molecular detail. It spans normal physiology as well as disease mechanisms, including the impact of genetic variation and drug action. Reactome content is continuously expanded and revised, with automated workflows now monitoring retracted publications to maintain data integrity. To meet the needs of a growing user base, Reactome has...

Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma (pLGG) is the most common pediatric brain tumor, and radiomics-based machine learning (ML) models have shown promise in identifying BRAF fusion and BRAF p.V600E mutation. This bicentric retrospective study included 495 children diagnosed between 1999 and 2023. The local hospital dataset comprised Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of patients with BRAF fusion (n = 190), BRAF p.V600E mutation (n = 95), FGFR1 (n = 25), and other molecular subtypes (n = 144), while an...